gaph; ,uf§fs; ghJfhg;g[ rl;lk; Mf;fKk; nehf;fKk;
;
‘ohpg;!;’ xg;ge;jj;ij 1994y; ,e;jpah Vw;Wf; bfhz;lJ. ‘ohpg;!pd;’ Mh;ofs; 27.3(b) mjd; cWg;g[ ehLfs; me;ehl;od; gaph; uf§fis ngld;l; _ynk my;yJ me;ehl;Lf;nf chpa rpwg;g[ rl;lk; mjhtJ “R{ap b#dphp!; Kiw” (Sui Generis System) _ynkh my;yJ ,t;tpuz;ila[k; ,izj;njh ghJfhf;f typa[Wj;JfpwJ. Vbddpy; cyfpd; bgUk;ghyhd ehLfs; a{ghtpd; (UPOV) tpjpfisna gpd;gw;WfpwJ.
,jd; fhuzkhf cUbtLj;jnj P Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Right Act, 2001 (PPV & FRA, 2001).
,r;rl;lk; gw;wp mwpa[k; Kd;/ ‘fhl;’ (GATT ) xg;ge;jk;/ ohpg;!; (TRIPS)/ cyfth;j;jf rig (WTO) gw;wpa xU “gpsh� ngf;”
,uz;lhk; cyfg; nghhpd; ,Wjpapy; nghhpdhy; Vw;gl;l ghjpg;ig rPuikf;ft[k;/ ey;Ywit Vw;gLj;jt[k; nerehLfs; xd;W nrh;e;J _d;W !;jhgd§fis epWtpd. KjyhtJ/ ‘fhl;’ (GATT – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) ) - gd;dhl;L th;j;jf cwt[fis bewpgLj;Jtjw;fhdJ/ mLj;jJ ‘I.vk;.vg;’ (IMF – International Monetary fund ) - Kiwahd gzg;ghpkhw;wk; bjhlh;ghdJ/ _d;whtJ/ cyft§fp (World Bank / IBRD ) - nghhpdhy; Vw;gl;l ghjpg;g[fis g[duikj;J rPh; bra;at[k; nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhdJ.
,jpy; ‘fhl;’ xg;ge;jj;jpd; cUFnt khehl;od; tpisthf cUthdJ jhd; cyf th;j;jf rig (W.T.O. – World Trade Organization ) . ‘fhl;’ oy; cs;s ehLfs; #dthp 1/ 1995y; c.t.r cUthff; ifbaGj;jpl;ld. ,e;jpaht[k; cyf th;j;jf rigapd; epWtd ehLfSs; xd;W vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. cUFnt khehl;oy; _d;W g[j;jk; g[jpa xg;ge;j§fs; cUthapd. mjpbyhd;Wjhd; ‘ohpg;!;’ (TRIPS – Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights ). kw;wit ‘ohpk;!;’ (TRIMS – Trade Related Investment Measures ) kw;Wk; Trade in services MFk;.
‘ohpg;!;’ xg;ge;jk; #.gp.Mh; vDk; ‘,d;lbyf;Rty; gpuhgul;o iul;!;’ kdpjFyk; Kd;ndw kpf mtrpak; vd;fpwJ. fz;Lgpog;ghsUf;F gadpUe;jhy; jhnd g[jpad fz;Lgpof;f Cf;fk; gpwf;Fk; vd;gJ ,jd; yh#pf;. ohpg;!py; VG tifahd #.gp.Mh; fs; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. mit fhg;gpiul;!;/ onul; khh;f;/ ngld;l;/ #pahfugpfy; ,d;onf\d; (cjhuzk; - fh";rpg[uk; gl;L . lhh;#py;§ O)/ ,d;l!;ohpay; oird;/ ,d;lfpnull; rh;fpa{l; kw;Wk; onul; rPf;bul;!; MFk;.
‘ohpg;!;’ xg;ge;jg;go brofisa[k;/ tpy§Ffisa[k; ngld;l; bra;a KoahJ. Mdhy; gaph; uf§fis ghJfhf;fyhk;. v.fh ‘bey;iy ngld;l; bra;a KoahJ Mdhy; mjd; uf§fis (bghd;dp/ bghd;kzp/ VoO 43) ghJfhf;fyhk;. (gpsh�ngf; Koe;jJ � mg;ghlh ��)
,jw;F jdpahf g[jpabjhU rl;lk; njitah? ek; ehl;od; ngld;l; rl;lk; nghjhjh? vd;W njhd;WfpwJ my;yth. ,e;jpa ngld;l; rl;lk; 1970 y; mkyhdJ. gpd; 1999/ 2002y; nkYk; rpy gphpt[fs; ,jpy; nrh;f;fg;gl;ld. ,r;rl;lk; _yk; tptrhaf; fUtpfs;/ ,ae;jpu§fs;/ tptrhag; gad;ghLs;s urhad§fis cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; Kiwfs; Mfpatw;iw kl;Lnk ngld;l; bra;ayhk;.
gpd; tUtdtw;iw ngld;l; bra;a KoahJ.
tptrha rhFgo Kiwfs;/ caphpd§fs;/ gaphpd§fs;/ “gaph; uf§fs;”/ tpy§Ffs;/ kPd;fs;/ gwitfs;/ urhad kw;Wk; caphpurhad (Biochemical) tHpKiw _yk; fpilf;Fk; bghUl;fs;/ kUj;Jtk;/ mWit rpfpr;ir/ jLg;g[ Kiwfs;/ tpy§F kw;Wk; gaph;fSf;F Vw;gLk; nehia jPh;f;Fk; Kiwfs;/ mtw;wpd; tpahghu kjpg;ig mjpfhpf;Fk; tHpfs; Mfpatw;iw ekJ ngld;l; rl;lk; _yk; ghJfhf;f ,ayhJ.
,r;rl;lj;ij; mkyhf;Fk; bghUl;L ‘gaph; uf§fs; ghJfhg;g[ kw;Wk; tptrhapfs; chpik Miza’j;ij (Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Rights Authority) etk;gh; 11/ 2005 y; btspapl;l bfrl; nehl;ogpnf\d; _yk; kj;jpa muR epWtpa[s;sJ.
PPV & FRV, 2001 rl;lj;jpd; nehf;fk;
· tpij cw;gj;jpf;F cj;ntfk; mspj;J cah;jukpf;f tpijfs; tptrhapfSf;F fpilf;fr; bra;tJ.
· tptrha Muha;r;rpapy; rpwg;g[ ftdk; brYj;jp epjp Mjhu§fis
· g[jpa uf§fis cUthf;Fk; gaph; ,dg;bgUf;f ty;Ydiu (Plant Breeder) Cf;fkspj;J tptrhak; rhh;e;j Muha;r;rpfSf;F g[j;Japh; mspg;gJ.
· ghuk;ghpak; kpf;f uf§fis beL§fhykha; ghJfhj;J tUk; tptrhapfspd; chpikfis m§fPfhpj;J ghJfhg;gJ.
,e;jr; rl;lk; bjhlh;ghd Mizaj;ij www.plantauthority.in ,izajsj;jpy; mQfyhk;. Plantauthority@gmail.com kw;Wk; registrar@plantauthority.in vd;w Kfthpf;F kpd;d";ry; KfthpapYk; bjhlh;g; bfhs;syhk;.
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